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                <text>This photograph from May 1994 shows participants in a demonstration for Saleem Osman. The main focus is on three men at the center of the image with some people visible in front and many people following behind. The participants are on the sidewalk with police officers on motorcycles next to them. The signs completely visible in the photograph are in Korean and English. The English signs read, “SALEEM OSMAN WAS ATTACKED BY COPS! WE DEMAND JUSTICE”, with two lines emphasizing the word “Cops”, and  “POLICE THE POLICE, NOW!” with a drawing of a police officer next to the writing. The Korean sign translates to “Stop the police assault!” &#13;
&#13;
The demonstration in which over 100 Asian Americans and yellow cab drivers [1] participated was in response to an incident that occurred the prior day. On May 26, 1994, Saleem Osman, a cab driver and CAAAV organizer for the Lease Drivers Coalition, was beaten by police officers after attempting to translate and mediate a dispute between another South Asian cab driver and a white truck driver. [2] He was then arrested for “fabricated charges of assaulting two police officers and resisting arrest,” held in jail for over 24 hours, and released only after the demonstration shown in the photograph. [3] The assault of Osman highlighted a dark reality: cab drivers, many of whom are South Asian, are extremely vulnerable to harassment and violence in their workplace from not only civilians, but also the police. [4] The emphasis on the word “cops” in one of the signs seems to highlight the absurdity that those who are tasked with protecting people can also be the sources of violence. Even though the photograph was taken almost 30 years ago, the messages on the signs remain relevant and were even seen during this past summer’s protests following the murders of George Floyd, Breonna Taylor, and other targets of police brutality. &#13;
&#13;
[1] CAAAV, “Police Brutality” CAAAV Voice newsletter, Spring 1994, 1.&#13;
&#13;
[2]  CAAAV, “Update on Saleem Osman Case” CAAAV Voice newsletter, Winter 1994, 5.&#13;
&#13;
[3] CAAAV, “Police Brutality” CAAAV Voice newsletter, Spring 1994, 1.&#13;
&#13;
[4] CAAAV, “Focus on Cabbies” CAAAV Voice newsletter, Spring 1995, 4.&#13;
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                <text>Kelsey Tsuchiyama&#13;
&#13;
This post was completed as coursework for “Bitter Melon: Race, Foodways, and Urbanisms of Asian America” at New York University, taught by Minju Bae.&#13;
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&#13;
Saleem Osman, a CAAAV organizer for the Lease Drivers Coalition, was assaulted by police and then arrested on fabricated charges on May 26, 1994. On May 27, over a hundred Asian Americans and yellow cab drivers marched from Police Plaza to Central Booking in protest.</text>
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                <text>A group of protesters march beside police barricades while holding signs during a demonstration for Saleem Osman, a CAAAV organizer for the Lease Drivers Coalition. The signs read “Stop Police Brutality” and “Why Did The Police Attack Saleem?" &#13;
&#13;
On May 26, 1994, Osman traveled to 33rd Street and Sixth Avenue after being called to help mitigate a dispute between a Pakistani cab driver and a white truck driver [1]. There, he was confronted by plainclothes officers from the Transit Police and the Midtown South Precinct who told him: “There’s no black mayor anymore. You better watch out” and “Go back to your own country.” The officers, who never identified themselves, proceeded to drag Osman out of his cab by his hair and clothing and subsequently beat him. This resulted in injuries to his head, neck, legs, and wrists that required medical attention. Osman was then arrested on the fabricated charge of assaulting two police officers and resisting arrest. Over a hundred Asian Americans and yellow cab drivers marched from Police Plaza to Central Booking in protest of this unlawful arrest on May 27, 1994. After 24 hours in police custody, Osman was released, due in large part to the demonstration and a CAAAV media campaign [2].&#13;
&#13;
This violent attack on Osman was emblematic of the danger cab drivers, many of whom were South Asian, faced in New York City and across the United States during the early 1990s. Nationally, cab drivers had the highest rate of on-the-job homicides, with New York City leading well ahead of other urban areas. NYPD officers often acted aggressively hostile towards drivers and consistently used racist and anti-immigration slurs against them [3]. More broadly, the Asian American community faced an uptick in brutality at the hands of the NYPD during this era. Out of the 71 cases of Asian American violence the CAAAV tracked between 1993 and 1995, 34 had law enforcement as the primary perpetrators and 18 had law enforcement as accomplices [4]. For more information on this topic, check out the Spring 1995 and Winter 1996 editions of the CAAAV Voice Newsletter. &#13;
&#13;
[1] CAAAV, “Update on Saleem Osman Case,” CAAAV Voice Newsletter, Winter 1994, 5.&#13;
&#13;
[2] CAAAV, “Police Brutality,” CAAAV Voice Newsletter, Spring 1994, 1. &#13;
&#13;
[3] CAAAV, “Focus on Cabbies,” CAAAV Voice Newsletter, Spring 1995, 4.&#13;
&#13;
[4] CAAAV, “Police Brutality in Asian American Communities,” CAAAV Voice Newsletter, Winter 1996, 3. </text>
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                <text>Digitized by: Vivian Truong&#13;
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                <text>A group of protesters march at a demonstration for Saleem Osman with their fists raised in the air—a typical symbol of solidarity, strength, and resistance against oppression. Beside the protesters is an NYPD officer riding a motorcycle. &#13;
&#13;
On May 26, 1994, Saleem Osman, a CAAAV organizer for the Lease Drivers Coalition, was violently assaulted by police and arrested on fabricated charges. Over a hundred Asian Americans and yellow cab drivers marched from Police Plaza to Central Booking the following day in protest of this unlawful arrest.</text>
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