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                <text>Soh Daiko performs on Asian Pacific Heritage Day</text>
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                <text>Members of NYC-based taiko ensemble Soh Daiko perform at Asian Pacific Heritage Day celebration.</text>
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                <text>Digitized by Nina Huang&#13;
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                <text>Canal Street vendors and supporters protest police harassment</text>
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&#13;
Under Mayor Giuliani's "Quality of Life" program, Chinatown street vendors faced increased harassment and criminalization. Police and private investigators would arrest, assault, and harass vendors as well as confiscate their merchandise and money without warrants. &#13;
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                <text>Protestors holding signs at October 26, 1993 demonstration for Kum Nam Kim outside the 20th Precinct. Visible signs in this photograph read, from left to right, "Who can we trust?", "Community demands police accountability," and "Time has expired on racial violence." Three police officers stand in the background.&#13;
&#13;
Kum Nam Kim (김금남), a street vendor on the Upper West Side, was beaten and arrested by police on August 3, 1993 after protesting a parking ticket. Other than holding a demonstration outside the 20th Precinct to demand police accountability and a meeting with the police commissioner, CAAAV and Action for Young Korean Americans (AYKA) also organized a petition drive and legal clinic in Flushing, Queens to support Kum Nam Kim and mobilize the Korean community around the issue of police brutality.&#13;
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                <text>Protestors holding signs at October 26, 1993 demonstration for Kum Nam Kim outside the 20th Precinct. Sign at center reads, "JUSTICE FOR KUM NAM KIM 김금남."&#13;
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Kum Nam Kim (김금남), a street vendor on the Upper West Side, was beaten and arrested by police on August 3, 1993 after protesting a parking ticket. Other than holding a demonstration outside the 20th Precinct to demand police accountability and a meeting with the police commissioner, CAAAV and Action for Young Korean Americans (AYKA) also organized a petition drive and legal clinic in Flushing, Queens to support Kum Nam Kim and mobilize the Korean community around the issue of police brutality.&#13;
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                <text>Protestors march with signs in demonstration for Saleem Osman</text>
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                <text>In this photo, protestors march with signs in Korean and English at a demonstration for Saleem Osman. Sign at center reads, "Police the Police."&#13;
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Saleem Osman, a CAAAV organizer for the Lease Drivers Coalition, was assaulted by police and then arrested on fabricated charges on May 26, 1994. On May 27, over a hundred Asian Americans and yellow cab drivers marched from Police Plaza to Central Booking in protest.</text>
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                <text>This photo was taken during a demonstration for Saleem Osman, a CAAAV organizer for the Lease Drivers Coalition who was assaulted by police and then arrested on fabricated charges on May 26, 1994. On May 27, over a hundred Asian Americans and yellow cab drivers marched from Police Plaza to Central Booking in protest.</text>
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                <text>Caroline To&#13;
&#13;
This post was completed as coursework for “Bitter Melon: Race, Foodways, and Urbanisms of Asian America” at New York University, taught by Minju Bae.&#13;
&#13;
Edited by Serena Yang.</text>
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                <text>This photograph depicts CAAAV members posing with a cardboard cutout of rapper Mark Wahlberg, or “Marky Mark,” modeling for Calvin Klein. When this photograph was taken in 1993, images of Wahlberg modeling underwear (and, famously, grabbing his crotch) had already become a major moment in American pop culture. All over New York City, images of Wahlberg depicted him as a charismatic bad boy.  &#13;
 &#13;
CAAAV’s interest in Wahlberg, however, had to do with his persona off-camera. In 1988, a then 16-year-old Wahlberg attacked Vietnamese American Thanh Lam. Wahlberg approached Lam as he was unloading his car and called him a “Vietnam fucking shit.” Wahlberg proceeded to beat the middle-aged man over the head with a wooden club until it snapped in two. A few blocks away from this incident, Wahlberg then attacked Hoah Trinh, a man who was also Vietnamese American. Wahlberg propositioned Trinh for help, saying the police were coming and that he needed to hide. Once the police cruiser passed, Wahlberg punched Trinh in the eye, permanently blinding him. Later that night, police arrested Wahlberg who was charged with attempted murder.  Two years earlier, Wahlberg and his friends had repeatedly terrorized Black children by chasing them with rocks while yelling racist epithets. For the 1988 incidents, Wahlberg served 45 days in jail. &#13;
 &#13;
Unwilling to let these attacks go overlooked by the media, CAAAV spearheaded a campaign to expose Wahlberg. In February 1993, as a central part of this campaign, CAAAV members stuck 1,500 neon orange bumper stickers all across New York City. The stickers announced in bold print, “Marky Mark: CONVICTED RACIST.” This campaign quickly gained national attention and eventually forced Wahlberg to agree to a statement of apology written mostly by CAAAV. &#13;
&#13;
The apology, read by his manager at a press conference in Times Square on February 18th, not only admitted to personal guilt but also unequivocally stated, “Asian Pacific Americans, African Americans and all people have the right to live free of violence and harassment.” [1] Fliers, tombstones commemorating victims, and CAAAV’s opening words at the conference also helped to frame Wahlberg’s racist attacks within the larger context of anti-Asian violence. Among the campaign’s many victories, CAAAV succeeded in casting a national spotlight on racist violence and sending a message to public figures that racist acts against the Asian American community will be held accountable. &#13;
&#13;
[1] CAAAV, “Caught with his Pants Down–Marky Mark Caves in to CAAAV.” CAAAV Voice newsletter, Spring 1993, 3.</text>
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                <text>This photograph from May 1994 shows participants in a demonstration for Saleem Osman. The main focus is on three men at the center of the image with some people visible in front and many people following behind. The participants are on the sidewalk with police officers on motorcycles next to them. The signs completely visible in the photograph are in Korean and English. The English signs read, “SALEEM OSMAN WAS ATTACKED BY COPS! WE DEMAND JUSTICE”, with two lines emphasizing the word “Cops”, and  “POLICE THE POLICE, NOW!” with a drawing of a police officer next to the writing. The Korean sign translates to “Stop the police assault!” &#13;
&#13;
The demonstration in which over 100 Asian Americans and yellow cab drivers [1] participated was in response to an incident that occurred the prior day. On May 26, 1994, Saleem Osman, a cab driver and CAAAV organizer for the Lease Drivers Coalition, was beaten by police officers after attempting to translate and mediate a dispute between another South Asian cab driver and a white truck driver. [2] He was then arrested for “fabricated charges of assaulting two police officers and resisting arrest,” held in jail for over 24 hours, and released only after the demonstration shown in the photograph. [3] The assault of Osman highlighted a dark reality: cab drivers, many of whom are South Asian, are extremely vulnerable to harassment and violence in their workplace from not only civilians, but also the police. [4] The emphasis on the word “cops” in one of the signs seems to highlight the absurdity that those who are tasked with protecting people can also be the sources of violence. Even though the photograph was taken almost 30 years ago, the messages on the signs remain relevant and were even seen during this past summer’s protests following the murders of George Floyd, Breonna Taylor, and other targets of police brutality. &#13;
&#13;
[1] CAAAV, “Police Brutality” CAAAV Voice newsletter, Spring 1994, 1.&#13;
&#13;
[2]  CAAAV, “Update on Saleem Osman Case” CAAAV Voice newsletter, Winter 1994, 5.&#13;
&#13;
[3] CAAAV, “Police Brutality” CAAAV Voice newsletter, Spring 1994, 1.&#13;
&#13;
[4] CAAAV, “Focus on Cabbies” CAAAV Voice newsletter, Spring 1995, 4.&#13;
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                <text>Kelsey Tsuchiyama&#13;
&#13;
This post was completed as coursework for “Bitter Melon: Race, Foodways, and Urbanisms of Asian America” at New York University, taught by Minju Bae.&#13;
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                <text>Women protest the abuse of South Asian domestic worker in front of employer's home</text>
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                <text>This is a photograph of a 2001 demonstration organized by Andolan Organizing South Asian Workers. The twelve women are demonstrating in front of a residential home to demand reparations for Aniq Khan, a domestic worker who had been abused and abandoned by the Bangladeshi diplomat family employing him. [1] The photo features eleven women standing on the sidewalk holding signs in Bangla and English with slogans against worker exploitation and unfree labor. The site of the protest is a family home surrounded by other homes with yards and lawns. Nahar Alam, a founder of Andolan and Chaumtoli Huq, a movement lawyer, had rescued Aniq Khan from the home they were standing in front of and organized the demonstration with Andolan members such as Razia Begum, volunteers, and allies such as CAAAV. [2] Andolan was an organization of New York City's South Asian immigrant domestic workers advancing feminist labor and survivor justice.&#13;
&#13;
This protest was one of many organized by Andolan in front of employer homes. These protests pressured employers to pay reparations and publicized private homes as sites for worker abuse. This was a transformative tactic which exposed the power imbalance between South Asian low-wage immigrant domestic workers and their wealthy (mostly) South Asian employers who controlled their living conditions, wages, and immigration statuses. [3] The protest tactic led to the dissolution of the  Domestic Workers Committee in Sakhi which Andolan organizers were originally a part of. These protests compromised the private lives of the board members and funders of the non-profit Sakhi as they were exposed for complicity in labor exploitation. [4] Andolan battled similar conflicts of interest and the contradictions of the non-profit industrial complex [5] as they tirelessly organized against state violence and gendered labor abuse.&#13;
&#13;
Andolan lost the lawsuit against the employer. The employer was an ambassador who evaded accountability when he was promoted and relocated by the Bangladesh government. The domestic worker was stranded in the U.S and could not return to Bangladesh because his family was being threatened by the politically powerful employer. However, Andolan was able to win political asylum for Aniq Khan. [6]&#13;
&#13;
[1]  The story about the protest is from an audio caption by Nahar Alam for another photo of the same protest in South Asian American Digital Archive's "Andolan Records" archival collection: https://www.saada.org/item/20190806-5886&#13;
&#13;
[2]  Andolan Archive Project: https://www.facebook.com/andolanarchiveproject;  Andolan's archived website: https://web.archive.org/web/20110131105247/http://www.andolan.net/&#13;
&#13;
[3]  Das Gupta, Monisha. (2003). The Neoliberal State and the Domestic Workers Movement in New York City. Canadian women's studies = Les cahiers de la femme. 22.&#13;
&#13;
[4]  Alam, Nahar. "Domestic Workers Do Their Homework." Samar: South Asian Magazine for Action and Reflection 8 (Summer/Fall) (1997): 15-20.&#13;
&#13;
[5]  The phrase "non-profit industrial complex" was coined by INCITE! And a definition can be found here: https://incite-national.org/beyond-the-non-profit-industrial-complex/&#13;
&#13;
[6]  The story about Aniq Khan is from the audio caption by Nahar Alam for another photo of the same protest in South Asian American Digital Archive's "Andolan Records" archival collection: https://www.saada.org/item/20190806-5886&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>Shromona Mandal&#13;
&#13;
This post was completed as coursework for “Bitter Melon: Race, Foodways, and Urbanisms of Asian America” at New York University, taught by Minju Bae.</text>
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                <text>The photograph captures a sea of taxicab vehicles surrounding a New York Police Department van. While the photograph does not have a recorded date, the scene depicted was a very common one throughout the 1990s. Throughout the decade, the city saw a growing number of killings and violent crimes against New York City taxi drivers. [1] Such was accompanied by the rising subway fares and the danger of anti-Muslim feelings generated by the media’s racist coverage of the World Trade Center bombing [2] which targeted the many taxicab drivers who identify as South Asian. In response, thousands of cab drivers staged a mobile demonstration that brought traffic to a standstill. In these protests, drivers would abandon their vehicles, sit in the street, and chant slogans—much like the one written on the sign that hangs across the taxicab’s backseat window in the photo:“WE ARE ALL DRIVERS. WE STAND UNITED.” Taxicab drivers’ messages were aimed at the Taxi and Limousine Commission, which many drivers claimed had been “ignor[ing] their pleas for safety” enhancements as crimes against drivers continued to pile up. Even the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health’s report on Preventing Homicide in the Workplace concluded that the taxicab driver occupation was most at risk for on-the-job murder. [3] Ultimately, drivers felt as though the Taxi and Limousine Commission’s rules and practices invariably favored the owners at the expense of the drivers. [4]&#13;
&#13;
Consequently, CAAAV initiated its first worker organizing project in the taxi industry through the Lease Drivers Coalition, [5] thus beginning the Lease Drivers Coalition’s long, fraught history with the Taxi and Limousine Commission. In 1994, the Lease Drivers Coalition held a protest in response to Susan’s Maintenance’s owner’s harassment and assault on Saleem Osman, an LDC Driver. Osman was beaten and arrested by the police after offering to help translate for a taxicab driver in Herald Square. [6] As such, the inclusion of the police car in the photograph is poignant, given the tense relationship between cab drivers and New York City police officers. Throughout the 90s, not only did the police fail to protect the cab drivers but also the police themselves posed a threat to the drivers. Cases of police brutality against taxi drivers—and thereby against “immigrants, poor people, and people of color in general” [7]—increased under the Giuliani administration. [8]&#13;
&#13;
Including such a photograph in the Committee Against Anti-Asian Violence (CAAAV) archive comes not without a loaded history: though LDC originated through CAAAV, the New York Taxi Workers Alliance, from under the banner of the Lease Driver Coalition, was borne out of a resistance against CAAAV. A 1998 letter, digitized by the South Asian American Digital Archive (SAADA) announced the formation of the New York Taxi Workers Alliance from the Lease Driver Coalition. [9] According to the letter, CAAAV placed “many restrictions on LDC which disallowed LDC from carrying on independent work.” [10] Thus, LDC adopted a new name: New York Taxi Workers Alliance (NYTWA).&#13;
&#13;
[1] Craig Wolff, “Massive Cab Driver Protest of 35 Killings Snarls Traffic,” New York Times, October 27, 1993,&#13;
https://www.nytimes.com/1993/10/27/nyregion/massive-cabdriver-protest-of-35-killings-snarls-traffic.html.&#13;
&#13;
[2] The CAAAV Voice Newsletter of the Committee Against Anti-Asian Violence, Vol. 5, No. 1., Spring 1993, p. 5.&#13;
&#13;
[3] Bill Glauber, “Meter always ticking for lives of N.Y. cab drivers,” The Baltimore Sun, December 20, 1993, https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-1993-12-20-1993354055-story.html.&#13;
&#13;
[4] The CAAAV Voice Newsletter of the Committee Against Anti-Asian Violence, Vol. 6, No. 2., Winter 1994, p. 5.&#13;
&#13;
[5] The CAAAV Voice Newsletter of the Committee Against Anti-Asian Violence, Vol. 7, No. 1., Spring 1995, p. 1.&#13;
&#13;
[6] The CAAAV Voice Newsletter of the Committee Against Anti-Asian Violence, Vol. 8, No. 1., Winter 1996.&#13;
&#13;
[7] The CAAAV Voice Newsletter of the Committee Against Anti-Asian Violence, Vol. 7, No. 1., Spring 1995, p. 4.&#13;
&#13;
[8] Couching his regulations in the language of pedestrian safety, former Mayor Rudolph Guiliani’s administration carried out specific “get-tough” and “law and order” policies that saw aggressive policing and that has since been dubbed the “broken windows” approach to law enforcement. NYPD Commissioner Howard Safir continued to compare the taxi drivers to a “terrorist threat” as Giuliani nodded in agreement at his side.&#13;
&#13;
[9] SAADA, Lease Driver Coalition Letter, March 8, 1998, https://www.saada.org/item/20130703-2967.&#13;
&#13;
[10] SAADA, Lease Driver Coalition Letter, March 8, 1998, https://www.saada.org/item/20130703-2967.</text>
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&#13;
This post was completed as coursework for Archiving Asian America, taught by Vivian Truong, in the Asian and American Studies programs at Vassar College.</text>
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