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                <text>Maggie Participating in an Event to Remember Victims of Anti-Asian Violence</text>
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                <text>Maggie (center) holding a tombstone-shaped sign bearing the name of an anti-Asian violence victim, Anh Mai, as well as their date of death. Another tombstone sign bears the name of Navroze Mody, a victim of the Hinduphobic hate group Dotbusters. </text>
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                <text>Lauren Rohde</text>
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                <text>Man Addresses a Crowd at the "Rising Sun" Protest</text>
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                <text>At first glance, this photograph may seem vague or confusing to the viewer. The image captures an older CAAAV member speaking to a large gathering of protesters outside of a movie theater in downtown Manhattan. While no movie title is included in the signage that surrounds the speaker, the words that are visible give us as viewers a few clues about the film in question. A CAAAV banner, as well as one representing the New York Coalition of Asian and Pacific Islanders, are front and center, making it clear that this film contributes in a significant way to the discrimination against and marginalization of Asians. Right in front, a young child holds a sign reading, “Crichton is a Racist Dinosaur”, and finally, the last piece of the puzzle falls into place. “Crichton'' is Michael Crichton, American filmmaker and author of Jurassic Park, and the film in question is the 1993 adaptation of his novel Rising Sun.  &#13;
&#13;
Though not the first film to be protested by CAAAV and groups like it, Rising Sun is a significant example, as the crime thriller starring Sean Connery and Wesley Snipes includes many instances of Asian stereotyping and marginalization. Rising Sun, written by Crichton and directed by Phillip Kaufman (two white men) contained many discriminatory elements, including reductive, stereotypical character tropes, plot points that manufacture fear of surreptitious Japanese control over American institutions, and scenes that rely on the perceived animosity between African Americans and Asians for humor. While, according to Don Nakanishi, then-director of the Asian Studies Center at UCLA, members of the film industry “clearly [didn’t] try to accommodate any of [their] concerns”, many prominent figures in Asian-American communities throughout the United States expressed their concerns that “the book, dramatized into a slick Hollywood movie, could feed the physical violence [towards Asians] that is already out there.”[1] An excerpt from the Fall 1993 edition of the CAAAV Voice states, “virtually all of the film’s Japanese male characters are portrayed as venal and sexually deviant foreigners bent on  taking over American Institutions”[2] and Michael Ishii, spokesmen of the New York Coalition Against Rising Sun, explained to an Entertainment Weekly reporter at the time that the film’s themes spread the message that “it’s okay to attack Asians [...] and that it’s the patriotic thing to do”. [3]&#13;
&#13;
CAAAV’s protest against Rising Sun, which joined many protests led by groups including the Japanese American Citizens’ League and the Media Action Network for Asian Americans all over the United States [4], highlights the organization’s commitment to calling out anti-Asian rhetoric and discrimination in all forms. While physical violence and attacks against Asian individuals, businesses, and neighborhoods are often the most visible and visceral instances of discrimination, social and cultural perpetuation of harmful stereotypes and hate speech can do just as much damage to a community. As the CAAAV Voice states, “these protests were staged to educate moviegoers about the film’s insidious stereotyping”[5]. CAAAV members used this protest to speak out against the film itself, but also to educate and start a dialogue about how seemingly-benign entertainment can have harmful effects on marginalized groups. &#13;
&#13;
Notes&#13;
&#13;
[1]  Elaine Dutka, “Asian Americans: Rising Furor Over ‘Rising Sun’,”The Los Angeles Times, July 28, 1993, https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-07-28-ca-17863-story.html.&#13;
&#13;
[2] “Rising Sun! Rising Hate!”CAAAV Voice 5, no. 2 (Fall 1993): 3, https://caaav.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Voice_Fall_1993.pdf. &#13;
&#13;
[3] Nisid Hajari, “Rising Sun Stirs Controversy”, Entertainment Weekly, August 6, 1993, https://ew.com/article/1993/08/06/rising-sun-stirs-controversy/.&#13;
&#13;
[4] Robert Payne, “Rising Sun: An Interview with Guy Aoki”, Jump Cut, March 1996, 30. https://www.ejumpcut.org/archive/onlinessays/JC40folder/AokiOnRisingSun.html&#13;
&#13;
[5] "Rising Sun! Rising Hate!": 3. </text>
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                <text>Emma Griffin&#13;
&#13;
This post was completed as coursework for HIST-GA 3901 Community Archives, taught by Maggie Schreiner, in the Archives and Public History MA program at New York University.</text>
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                <text>This photo was taken during a demonstration for Saleem Osman, a CAAAV organizer for the Lease Drivers Coalition who was assaulted by police and then arrested on fabricated charges on May 26, 1994. On May 27, over a hundred Asian Americans and yellow cab drivers marched from Police Plaza to Central Booking in protest.</text>
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On May 26, 1994, Saleem Osman, a CAAAV organizer for the Lease Drivers Coalition, was violently assaulted by police and arrested on fabricated charges. Over a hundred Asian Americans and yellow cab drivers marched from Police Plaza to Central Booking the following day in protest of this unlawful arrest.</text>
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&#13;
Republican-controlled Congress passed the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA) in 1996, expanding the power of the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) to deport or indefinitely imprison immigrants. By 1999, the number of immigrants detained by the INS increased by 70%. [1] CAAAV organizing efforts focused on connecting the INS abuses to related organizational concerns of police violence and surveillance. Organizers highlighted the inhumane conditions of the Elizabeth and Wackenhut Immigration Detention Centers, in New Jersey and Queens, respectively. &#13;
&#13;
On July 27, 1999, over half of the immigrants detained in Wackenhut initiated a hunger strike to demand humane conditions and the review of parole applications for those with pending political asylum cases. On August 1, 1999, CAAAV and other community organizations gathered in support of participants in the hunger strike. [2] For more information on the Wackenhut demonstration, see CAAAV item “Protesting INS Detention Center in Queens.” [3] Wackenhut staff kept participants in the strike isolated in solitary confinement and threatened them with immediate deportation. Emmy Kutesa remained the only hunger striker by Fall 1999. In support of Kutesa and other detainees, a coalition of community organizations, including CAAAV, came together to demonstrate outside of the INS district offices at 26 Federal Plaza. Collectively, protesters demanded human rights and freedom for INS detainees across the country. [4]&#13;
&#13;
In “Asian Communities- Policing and Prisons,” published in CAAAV Voice issue Fall 1999, Eric Tang connects the anti-immigrant policies to their late-19th century predecessor, the Chinese Exclusion movement, as well as to the contemporary phenomenon of the the Prison Industrial Complex. [5] Tang contextualizes the development of the the Prison Industrial Complex and its effect on Black and Latino communities. In doing so, the article demonstrates CAAAV’s insistence on organizing in solidarity with other communities of color who are affected by police surveillance and violence. &#13;
&#13;
Footnotes: &#13;
[1] “1996 Immigration Legislation,” CAAAV Voice (Fall 1999): 6. Accessed October 19, 2024. https://archives.caaav.org/files/original/8bf58b30ba09cc4ad6d580d28fa12763.pdf &#13;
[2] Eric Tang. “Asian Communities- Policing and Prisons,” CAAAV Voice (Fall 1999): 6. Accessed October 19, 2024. https://archives.caaav.org/files/original/8bf58b30ba09cc4ad6d580d28fa12763.pdf &#13;
[3] “Protesting INS detention center in Queens,” CAAAV Digital Archive, accessed October 19, 2024, https://archives.caaav.org/items/show/1855. &#13;
[4] Alisa Solomon. “Wackenhut Detention Ordeal,” The Village Voice. August 31, 1999. Accessed October 19, 2024. https://www.villagevoice.com/wackenhut-detention-ordeal/ &#13;
[5] Tang. “Asian Communities”: 4. </text>
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